Which Type of Confounding May Occur in Cases with Extreme

question 3

Multiple Choice

Which type of confounding may occur in cases with extreme poverty or extremely high-risk behavior, as pre-posttest scores may end up showing improvement only because they cannot get worse?

• A) Selection bias
• B) Attrition confound
• C) Diffusion of treatment
• D) Regression to the mean

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Definitions:

Validity

The soundness of the conclusions that a researcher draws from an experiment. In the realm of testing, the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.

Self-report Personality Tests

Psychological tests in which individuals answer questions about themselves to assess personality traits and characteristics.

Personality Traits

Persistent traits that depict a person's conduct.

Ambiguous Stimuli

Information or images that can be interpreted in multiple ways or lack clear definition, often used in psychological tests to explore perception, thought processes, and unconscious motivations.