In the Exemplar Study About Pain Relief During Intravenous Cannula

question 8

Multiple Choice

In the exemplar study about pain relief during intravenous cannula insertion in children (Canbulat, 2015) , what confounding variable could have been at work?

• A) The Buzzy device could have acted as attention and thereby influenced anxiety and pain perceptions.
• B) The IV cannula insertion may have been more difficult in some children.
• C) The data collector could have increased the children's anxiety levels.
• D) The parents' presence could have affected the children's scoring of pain and anxiety.

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Definitions:

Labor

Human effort, whether physical or mental, exerted in the production of goods and services.

Car Detailing

A service performed on a vehicle to restore its cleanliness and appearance, both inside and out, often including paint care, interior detailing, and wheel cleaning.

Marginal Product

The increase in output that results from a one-unit increase in the quantity of a single input, holding the quantities of all other inputs fixed.

Average Product

It is the output that is produced, on average, by each unit of input in the production process, like labor or machinery.