A Researcher Is Concerned About Testing Effects as a Threat

question 8

Multiple Choice

A researcher is concerned about testing effects as a threat to internal validity. To avoid giving the test (i.e., the survey) more than once, which design should be used?

• A) Posttest-only design
• B) Matched-pairs groups design
• C) pretest-posttest randomized controlled design
• D) Within-subjects design

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Definitions:

Accurate Descriptions

Detailed and precise representations of objects, events, or concepts, without any distortion or error.

Cause and Effect

A relationship between events or things, where one is the result of the other or others.

Descriptive Method

A research method that involves observing and describing the behavior of a subject without influencing it in any way.

Psychological Research

The scientific study of human behavior, emotions, and mental processes through systematic observation, experimentation, and analysis.