Refer to the Figure

question 3

Multiple Choice

Refer to the figure.
The figure shows a matrix of fitness payoffs for interactions between two behaviorally different types of gulls: those that always fish for themselves and those that sometimes steal fish from others. P stands for the baseline fitness that a gull derives when it fishes for itself. B is the fitness gained by a thief when it steals a fish from a fish-for-self type. C is the fitness cost associated with an attempt to steal a prey.
What causal question is the model designed to answer?

• A) How can a hereditary thief phenotype spread in a population of fish-for-self types?
• B) What are the fitness costs and fitness benefits of fish-for-self versus thief phenotypes?
• C) When can group selection cause evolutionary change to take place?
• D) What are the circumstances under which maladaptive traits can take over a population?

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Definitions:

Rights

Entitlements or permissions granted to individuals or groups by legal systems, societal norms, or moral principles, often protected by law.

Vest

To mature, as in the maturation of rights that allow a party to act legally on the rights.

Perfect

To complete all required legal steps to finalize a lien, security interest, or title claim on property, ensuring it is enforceable against third parties.

Anti-assignment Clause

A provision in a contract that prohibits the transfer of rights or delegation of duties under the contract to another party without consent.