Vampire Bats Need to Eat Often, and Their Only Food

question 22

Multiple Choice

Vampire bats need to eat often, and their only food is blood. When one bat is unsuccessful at gaining a meal, it returns to a communal roost where another, often unrelated, bat is likely to give it a small amount of food. Work by Carter and Wilkinson (2015) suggests that this arrangement meets the conditions needed for

• A) selfishness.
• B) kin selection.
• C) reciprocity.
• D) altruism.

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Definitions:

Degrees Of Freedom

Degrees of freedom in statistics represent the number of independent values or quantities that can vary in an analysis without violating any constraints, often influencing the calculation of statistical parameters.

T-Distribution

A probability distribution that arises in the sampling distribution of sample means, especially useful when the sample size is small and the population variance is unknown.

Population Mean

The average value of all members of a defined set of people, objects, events, or values of interest.

T Distribution Table

A table used in statistics that shows the critical values of the t-distribution, aiding in hypothesis testing and confidence interval estimation.