A Researcher Is Studying the Effect of Hearing Loss on Self-Esteem

question 18

Multiple Choice

A researcher is studying the effect of hearing loss on self-esteem in adolescents in grades 6 through 12. Which threat to internal validity is most likely to impact the study?

• A) Effects of selection
• B) Instrumentation
• C) Testing
• D) Maturation

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Definitions:

Life Cycle

The series of changes in the life of an organism, including reproduction, development, and eventually death.

Social Changes

Alterations in the structure and functioning of a society over time, often owing to advances in technology, changes in economy, or cultural shifts.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A condition in unborn children resulting from alcohol exposure during the mother's pregnancy, causing brain damage and growth problems.

Pregnant Rats

Used in research contexts to study developmental processes, drug effects, or disease models due to their relevance to human physiology.