A Researcher Is Studying the Effect of Hearing Loss on Self-Esteem

question 18

Multiple Choice

A researcher is studying the effect of hearing loss on self-esteem in adolescents in grades 6 through 12. Which threat to internal validity is most likely to impact the study?

• A) Effects of selection
• B) Instrumentation
• C) Testing
• D) Maturation

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Definitions:

Repetitive Transcranial

Relates to a non-invasive procedure involving repeated magnetic stimulation of the brain, used in various neurological and psychiatric treatments.

Magnetic Stimulation

A non-invasive procedure that uses electromagnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain to treat various neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Depression

A psychological disorder identified by ongoing feelings of despondency or lack of interest in usual pursuits, dramatically impairing daily functionality.

Electroconvulsive Therapy

A medical treatment most commonly used for severe depression, involving brief electrical stimulation of the brain under anesthesia.