Describe Two Threats to Internal Validity That Are Particularly Problematic

question 5

Essay

Describe two threats to internal validity that are particularly problematic in longitudinal studies.

---

Definitions:

Equity Method

An accounting technique used by firms to assess the profits earned by their investments in other companies, by reporting these profits as income.

Intercompany Profit

Profits that arise from transactions between entities within the same parent company, often requiring elimination for consolidation purposes.

Intercompany Bond Gains

Profits arising from bonds sold or traded between companies within the same corporate group.

Unamortized Bond Discount

The portion of the bond issuance price that is below the face value and has not yet been expensed in the financial statements.