Chronic Infection by Either HBV or HCV Increases the Risk

question 13

Multiple Choice

Chronic infection by either HBV or HCV increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by about:

• A) 2-fold.
• B) 5-fold.
• C) 10-fold.
• D) 20-fold.

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Definitions:

Pineal Body

A small endocrine gland in the brain that produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep patterns.

Melatonin

A hormone produced by the pineal gland in the brain, responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles.

Biological Clock

An internal mechanism in living organisms that controls the timing of various biological functions, such as sleep-wake cycles, reproductive cycles, and metabolism.

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

A hormone produced by the heart that helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.