In Developing Countries, Liver Cancer Ranks Second in Causing Death

question 27

Multiple Choice

In developing countries, liver cancer ranks second in causing death from cancer due to relatively high exposure to all of the agents listed below except:

• A) hepatitis B.
• B) hepatitis C.
• C) aflatoxins.
• D) HIV.

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Definitions:

Non-directional

A hypothesis that does not predict the direction of the difference or relationship between the variables being studied.

≠ Symbol

The symbol ≠ denotes 'not equal to' in mathematical equations, indicating the inequality between two values.

≠ Symbol

A mathematical symbol representing inequality, indicating that two values are not equal.

Alternative Hypothesis

A hypothesis that contradicts the null hypothesis, suggesting a new effect or relationship.