What Creates a Countercurrent Multiplier Rather Than Just a Countercurrent

question 44

Multiple Choice

What creates a countercurrent multiplier rather than just a countercurrent exchanger?

• A) Movement of fluids in close association in opposite directions.
• B) Passive exchange of solutes across two tubes in close approximation.
• C) Osmotic pressure differences in two tubes close together.
• D) Active transport of solute out of one of the tubes.

---

Definitions:

Real GDP

Gross Domestic Product adjusted for inflation, representing the value of all goods and services produced by an economy in a given year in constant prices.

Nominal GDP

The gross domestic product measured at current market prices, without adjusting for inflation, representing the value of goods and services produced.

National Income

The total value of all goods and services produced by a country's economy over a specific time period, including income from foreign investments.

Real GDP

Real GDP (Gross Domestic Product) represents the total value of all goods and services produced over a specific time period within a country, adjusted for inflation.