Which Statement Provides the Most Likely Explanation for the Differing

question 36

Multiple Choice

Which statement provides the most likely explanation for the differing patterns of innervation in arthropod skeletal muscle (polyneuronal) and vertebrate skeletal muscle (single innervation) ?

• A) Vertebrates need to modulate muscle force, whereas arthropods always exert the same force with a given muscle.
• B) Action potentials in vertebrate neurons are all-or-nothing, whereas arthropod neurons fire action potentials of varying magnitude.
• C) Action potentials in arthropod neurons are all-or-nothing, whereas vertebrate neurons fire action potentials of varying magnitude.
• D) The two patterns are products of the evolutionary history of the two taxa, and each one allows effective control of muscle contraction.

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Definitions:

Systematic Desensitization

A behavioral therapy technique designed to gradually reduce fear, anxiety, or phobia by gradually exposing the person to the feared object or context in a controlled manner.

Systematic Desensitization

A behavioral therapy technique aimed at reducing phobic reactions and anxiety by gradually exposing the person to the feared object or context in a controlled manner.

Relaxation Exercises

Techniques designed to reduce stress and anxiety, promote relaxation, and improve overall mental and physical well-being, such as deep breathing, meditation, and progressive muscle relaxation.

Biologically Prepared

An inherent tendency in organisms to learn certain associations over others due to their survival advantages.