Explain How Hyperpolarization of a Vertebrate Cone Will Eventually Be

question 45

Essay

Explain how hyperpolarization of a vertebrate cone will eventually be transduced into a train of action potentials sent to the brain via the optic nerve.

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Definitions:

Bile

Fluid secreted from the liver into the duodenum; consists of bile salts, bile pigments, bicarbonate ions, cholesterol, fats, fat-soluble hormones, and lecithin.

Hepatopancreatic Ampulla

is an anatomical structure where the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct join and empty into the duodenum.

Bile

A digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, essential in the breakdown and absorption of fats.

Teniae Coli

Long, ribbon-like bands of smooth muscle on the surface of the colon, contributing to its segmentation and movement.