Why Do Incumbents Often Face Low-Quality Challengers

question 20

Essay

Why do incumbents often face low-quality challengers?

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Definitions:

Dollar-Denominated Assets

Financial assets that are valued in U.S. dollars, regardless of where they are located or who owns them.

Real Value

The value of an asset, product, or service, adjusted for inflation, reflecting its purchasing power and true cost over time.

Dollar-Denominated Assets

Financial assets such as stocks, bonds, or real estate investments that are valued in U.S. dollars.

Real Value

Real value refers to the worth of a good or service taking into account inflation, providing a more accurate measure over time.