Those Things That Confuse Test and Survey Results and Research

question 31

Multiple Choice

Those things that confuse test and survey results and research findings serve as a:

• A) Threat to external validity
• B) Threat to internal validity
• C) Threat to external reliability
• D) Threat to internal reliability

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Definitions:

Punishment

Punishment involves the application of an undesirable consequence to reduce an unwanted behavior.

Conditioned Reinforcer

A stimulus that has acquired the capacity to reinforce behaviors through its association with a primary reinforcer.

Primary Reinforcer

A stimulus that satisfies a basic natural need, such as food or water, and motivates behavior without the need for learning.

Squirt of Water

A quick, sudden release of a small amount of water, often used in experiments as a form of stimulus or response.