If "History" or Some Other Factor Threatens the Internal Validity

question 60

Multiple Choice

If "history" or some other factor threatens the internal validity of a research design, this means that the possible effects of an extraneous variable are confounded with the

• A) effects of the independent variable.
• B) effects of random assignment.
• C) measurement of the dependent variable.
• D) constancy of experimental conditions.

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Definitions:

Recep Erdoğan

Turkish politician serving as the President of Turkey since 2014, previously serving as Prime Minister from 2003 to 2014 and Mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998.

Coup d'état

A sudden and decisive action in politics, especially one resulting in a change of government illegally or by force.

European Commission

An institution of the European Union responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the EU treaties, and managing the day-to-day business of the EU.

Economic Strength

A measure of a country's or region's financial health and ability to withstand economic challenges, often assessed by GDP, employment rates, and other economic indicators.