Sampson and Laub Studied the Effect of Childhood Deviance on Adult

question 43

Multiple Choice

Sampson and Laub studied the effect of childhood deviance on adult crime. They found that children who had been committed to a correctional school for persistent delinquency were much more likely to have committed crimes as adults. Which criteria(on) for establishing causality are (is) satisfied in this study?

• A) association
• B) direction of influence
• C) nonspuriousness
• D) all of the above
• E) a and b

Grasp the concept of tolerance and its implications for alcohol use disorder.

Acknowledge the role of genetics in alcohol use disorders and the effectiveness of medical treatments.

Identify the unique characteristics and reproductive modes of different fungal phyla.

Understand the ecological roles and mutualistic relationships of fungi, including mycorrhizal associations with plants.

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Definitions:

CR

A common abbreviation for Conditioned Response, which is an automatic response established by training to an ordinarily neutral stimulus.

UCR

Unconditioned Response, a naturally occurring reaction to an unconditioned stimulus.

Stimulus Generalization

A psychological phenomenon where a conditioned response starts occurring in response to stimuli that are similar but not identical to the original conditioned stimulus.

Conditioned Response

A reflexive reaction developed through training in response to a stimulus that is normally neutral.