Sociologists Richard Schwartz and James Miller Proposed That Changes in Societies

question 45

Essay

Sociologists Richard Schwartz and James Miller proposed that changes in societies' legal systems parallel changes in societal complexity (or, in Durkheim's terms, the societal "division of labor"). Fully developed legal systems are seen to have the following three characteristics:
i) Mediation: regular use of third parties to settle disputes
ii) Police: use of specialized, armed force to enforce laws
iii) Counsel: regular use of specialized, nonkin advocates (e.g., lawyers)
Assuming that these three characteristics, in order, represent a progression of complexity, present a table that shows the response pattern of a perfect Guttman scale. Then give an example of a "nonscale" response pattern.

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Definitions:

Coefficient of Correlation

A mathematical tool that quantifies the robustness and bearing of a linear association between two entities.

Variation

The degree to which values in a dataset vary from one another and from the dataset’s average.

Population Correlation

A measure of the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two quantitative variables across the entire population.

Coefficient

A numerical or constant quantity placed before and multiplying the variable in an algebraic term.