When Was the Use of Planning-Programming-Budgeting PPB Extended to the Civilian

question 19

Short Answer

When was the use of planning-programming-budgeting PPB extended to the civilian side of the federal government? By what presidential administration?

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Definitions:

Business Unit

A segment of a company with its own plans and profit-loss responsibility; often operates as an individual entity but is part of the larger corporate structure.

Controllable Costs

Expenses that can be modified or managed through the actions of management in the short term.

Cost-Based Transfer Pricing

A transfer pricing method where the price of goods transferred between departments or subsidiaries is based on the cost of production.

Goal-Congruence Problems

Issues that arise when the objectives of individual members or groups within an organization do not align with the overall goals of the organization, potentially leading to inefficiency or conflict.