If One Hypothesizes That Y Is a Dependent Variable and X

question 15

Multiple Choice

If one hypothesizes that Y is a dependent variable and X is an independent variable, then reverse causality would occur when:

• A) X leads to Y.
• B) Y leads to X.
• C) X and Y are the same.
• D) X and Y are not correlated.

---

Definitions:

Elitist Colonists

Refers to settlers in colonial territories who held privileged social statuses, often part of or closely connected to ruling or aristocratic classes.

American Liberty

A term encompassing the ideals of freedom and democracy cherished and upheld by the United States, including individual rights, rule of law, and civil liberties.

Standard Normal

A standard normal distribution is a normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.

Probability Distribution

A statistical function that describes all the possible values and likelihoods that a random variable can take within a given range.