Which of the Following Would Be Considered an Empirical Critique

question 2

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would be considered an empirical critique of a theory?

• A) A theory says that institutional quality predicts economic growth, but a study finds that by standard measures of institutional quality, there is no independent effect once you control for resource endowments and international ties.
• B) A theory says that institutional quality predicts economic growth, but a study argues that this can't be true because institutional quality is far too vague of an idea.
• C) A theory says that institutional quality predicts economic growth, but a study argues that this is unknown since we don't know which kinds of institutions might be important.
• D) A theory says that institutional quality predicts economic growth, but a study argues that all cultures are so different that we cannot compare them.

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Definitions:

Spacing Effect

The psychological phenomenon in which learning is more effective when study sessions are spaced out over time, rather than when studying is conducted in a single session.

Long-term Retention

The ongoing ability to recall or remember information over lengthy periods, often tested in studies of memory and learning.

Comprehensive Final

A cumulative exam intended to cover all relevant content of a course or subject area.

Mnemonic Device

A technique used to enhance memory by making information easier to remember, often through patterns, acronyms, visual imagery, or rhymes.