A Potential Solution to the Criticism of Instrumentalism as Over-Simplified

question 16

Multiple Choice

A potential solution to the criticism of instrumentalism as over-simplified is provided by George Akerlof and Rachel Kranton's idea of "identity utility". They argue:

• A) Ethno-national chauvinism is shaped by preferences for both material and nonmaterial payoffs.
• B) The strategic calculus of actors can be analyzed mathematically.
• C) There is a "tipping point" beyond which actors are not rational.
• D) Risks of between-group sanctioning is minimized.

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