Which of These Is a Valid Null Hypothesis for a χ²

question 53

Multiple Choice

Which of these is a valid null hypothesis for a χ² goodness of fit test?

• A) Product preferences are independent of gender.
• B) Product preferences are not independence of gender.
• C) There is no difference between observed and expected frequencies of product preference.
• D) There is a difference between observed and expected frequencies of product preference.

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Definitions:

Egocentrism

In developmental psychology, a characteristic of children's thinking during the preoperational stage, where they are unable to see situations from perspectives other than their own.

Centration

Focusing on one dimension of a situation while ignoring others.

Conservation

A principle in cognitive development referring to the understanding that quantity or mass remains the same regardless of changes in shape or arrangement.

Class Inclusion

A concept in cognitive development where a child understands that some objects or categories of objects can belong to or be a part of another category.