Refer to the Table

question 7

Multiple Choice

Refer to the table.
The table contains data on the effects of a symbiosis between a bee (host) and a bacterium over 22 years. The table shows the upper and lower bounds for the effects of the association; positive numbers denote net benefits and negative numbers denote net costs. (If zero is between the upper and lower bounds, consider the effect to be zero, since it is statistically indistinguishable from zero.) According to the table, this interaction first become a commensalism in

• A) 1993.
• B) 1997.
• C) 2001.
• D) 2005.

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Definitions:

Bullwhip Effect

A phenomenon in supply chain management where small variations in demand at the retail level cause increasingly larger variations in demand at the wholesale, distributor, and manufacturer levels.

Shortage Gaming

Strategic behavior by participants in a supply chain who intentionally reduce their demand forecasts when they anticipate a shortage, in order to receive more stock than they would otherwise.

Demand Information

Data regarding the amount and timing of desired goods or services by the market or specific customers, crucial for supply chain and production planning.

Channel Coordination

The alignment and integration of strategies and activities across different distribution channels to optimize performance and deliver value to customers.