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During cold periods, marmots enter a state of torpor in order to alter their lower critical body temperature. In comparison to the body temperature of a bear during its long winter sleep, the temperature of the marmot drops _______, and the duration of the torpor is _______ the bear's period of sleep.
Lowered Epinephrine
Refers to a decreased level of epinephrine, a hormone and neurotransmitter involved in the body's fight-or-flight response.
Stress
A psychological and physical reaction to demands, perceived as challenges or threats, which can affect health and wellbeing.
Cytokine Release
The process by which immune cells secrete cytokines, proteins that modulate the immune and inflammatory responses.
Arterial Plaque
Deposits of fatty substances, cholesterol, and other materials on the inner walls of arteries, which can lead to cardiovascular diseases.
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