Braga Et Al

question 5

Multiple Choice

Braga et al.'s (1999) evaluation of the effectiveness of problem-oriented policing to decrease the incidence of violent street crime revealed which of the following?

• A) Experimental designs are unethical to use in police work.
• B) Problem-oriented policing can successfully control and prevent crime.
• C) There was no relationship between problem-oriented policing and crime rates.
• D) Problem-oriented policing led to an increase in crime.

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Definitions:

Self-Defense

The act of protecting oneself from harm using reasonable force, especially in contexts of physical threat.

Determinism

A philosophical doctrine stating that all occurrences, such as ethical decisions, are entirely caused by antecedent conditions.

Indeterminism

The philosophical theory that not all events are causally determined by preceding events or natural laws, leaving room for randomness or free will.

Soft Determinism

The philosophical viewpoint that reconciles the theory of determinism and the free will by arguing that behavior can be determined while still holding individuals morally responsible.