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Sampling error is an important concern for researchers. What is the difference between systematic sampling error and random sampling error? What is the tool for calculating sampling error and what does it estimate? Define the term confidence intervals and confidence limits. How are confidence intervals affected by sample size?
Reward
A beneficial outcome, object, or stimulus given in response to desired behavior, which serves to reinforce or increase the likelihood of the behavior's recurrence.
Negative Reinforcement
A behavioral concept where the removal of an unfavorable stimulus following a response increases the likelihood of that response being repeated in the future.
Aversive Stimulus
A type of stimulus that is unpleasant or unwanted, and can lead to changes in behavior when it is used as a consequence.
Strengthened
Made stronger or more effective; often refers to the enhancement of physical attributes, skills, or mental capacities.
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