In Braithwaite's Modification of Labeling Theory

question 3

Multiple Choice

In Braithwaite's modification of labeling theory:

• A) disintegrative shaming occurs when no attempt is made to reconcile the offender with the community
• B) all shaming is stigmatizing and likely to increase the crime rate
• C) higher crime rates are found in communities that practice reintegrative shaming
• D) criminal subcultures will be found only in nonintegrative societies
• E) b and c

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Definitions:

Widow

A woman whose spouse has died and who has not remarried.

Divorced

The legal dissolution of a marriage by a court or other competent body, restoring the parties to the state of being single.

Filial Responsibility

A legal or social expectation that children are obligated to take care of their aging parents.

Asia

The Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres, known for its diverse cultures, languages, and histories.