Theories Recently Developed to Understand Better the Variations, Stability, and Changes

question 36

Multiple Choice

Theories recently developed to understand better the variations, stability, and changes in criminal and deviant behavior at different ages are known as:

• A) changing balance of control theories
• B) age-cycle and life-stage theories
• C) developmental and life-course theories
• D) turning points and self-control theories
• E) age-related network theory

Interpret graphical representations of markets with externalities to identify equilibrium and socially optimal outcomes.

Analyze the role of government intervention in correcting market failures due to externalities through taxes and subsidies.

Differentiate between private and social costs, and private and social values.

Identify the conditions for social optimality in the presence of externalities.

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Definitions:

Self-efficacy

An individual's belief in his or her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments.

Freudian Theory

A set of psychoanalytic theories developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizing unconscious processes and the importance of early childhood experiences.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process whereby behavior is controlled by its consequences, including rewards and punishments.

Observational Learning

Learning new behavior by watching a model perform that behavior.