In Evaluating the Empirical Validity of Criminological Theories, Akers and Sellers

question 40

Multiple Choice

In evaluating the empirical validity of criminological theories, Akers and Sellers take the position that we should:

• A) reject a theory until research has found it to be entirely correct
• B) accept a theory until it encounters negative evidence
• C) consider asking what degree of research support the theory has received
• D) compare the amount of support that competing theories have received
• E) both c and d

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Definitions:

Self-esteem

An individual's self-assessment or self-evaluation of their own worth, capabilities, and overall value.

Negative Attributions

The tendency to explain people's behaviors in a way that assigns blame, focuses on faults, or assumes the worst intentions.

Depression

A mental health disorder characterized by persistently depressed mood or loss of interest in activities, causing significant impairment in daily life.

Downward Social Comparison

A psychological process where individuals compare themselves to others who are perceived as worse off, often to feel better about their own situation.