If a Theory of Crime Is Empirically Valid, Then

question 39

Multiple Choice

If a theory of crime is empirically valid, then:

• A) there will be no "negative cases," i.e., cases that do not fit the pattern predicted by the theory
• B) changes in criminal behavior will be correlated with changes in the explanatory variables identified by the theory
• C) it will provide a more useful guide to social policy than a theory that is not empirically valid
• D) a and c
• E) b and c

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Definitions:

Masked Branding

is a marketing strategy where a product's brand is not directly associated with the product itself, making the brand element less obvious to consumers.

Brand Loyalty

A consumer's consistent preference for one brand over all others, often accompanied by a sense of attachment or trust towards the brand's products or services.

Brand Equity

The value or worth of a brand in the marketplace, largely determined by consumer perceptions, recognition, and loyalty.

Associative Learning

The process by which an individual learns the connection between two stimuli or events, often leading to the formation of habits or preferences.