Which Application of Conditioning Theory Has Been Used to Explain

question 8

Multiple Choice

Which application of conditioning theory has been used to explain the phenomena of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms in alcohol and other substance dependence?

• A) Habituation-based classical conditioning
• B) Compensatory conditioned response model
• C) Reversed stimulus generalisation model
• D) Partial reinforcement effect

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Definitions:

Tariffs

Taxes imposed on imported goods and services, which are typically used by governments to protect domestic industries, raise revenue, or exert political leverage.

Trade Restrictions

Regulations or policies that countries adopt to limit the import and export of goods and services, often to protect domestic industries.

Secondary Effects

Unintended consequences of economic actions, which may manifest in areas not directly targeted by the initial action.

Unintended Consequences

Outcomes that occur as a result of actions or policies that were not anticipated or intended by the actors involved.