Operant Conditioning Occurs Through the Mechanisms of Reinforcement and Punishment

question 87

Multiple Choice

Operant conditioning occurs through the mechanisms of reinforcement and punishment.What is a major difference between reinforcement and punishment?

• A) Reinforcement involves increasing a behavior while punishment involves decreasing a behavior.
• B) Reinforcement involves decreasing a behavior while punishment involves increasing a behavior.
• C) Reinforcement involves stabilizing a behavior while punishment involves decreasing a behavior.
• D) There is no major difference between reinforcement and punishment.

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Definitions:

Palmar Reflex

An involuntary response seen in infants where the hand closes into a fist when the palm is touched; this reflex typically disappears by 5-6 months of age.

Babinski Reflex

A reflex action in which the big toe moves upward instead of downward when the sole of the foot is stimulated, commonly seen in infants.

Moral Reasoning

The process by which individuals make decisions about what is right or wrong, often influenced by cultural, social, and personal values.

Preconventional

A stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development where an individual's sense of morality is externally controlled, guided by consequences of actions rather than internalized values.