Which of the Following Violate(s) Kant's Directive to Always Treat

question 36

Multiple Choice

Which of the following violate(s) Kant's directive to always treat people as an end-in-themselves and never merely as a means?

• A) Experimenting on people without their knowledge and consent
• B) Lying to a patient about their medical condition
• C) Forcing patients to receive treatment against their will
• D) All of the above

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Definitions:

Utilitarianism

An ethical theory that suggests the best action is the one that maximizes utility, often defined as maximizing happiness and reducing suffering.

Ethical Relativism

The theory that moral principles are not universal but instead vary depending on culture, individual perspective, or societal norms.

Objective Standards

Criteria established by facts or law to make judgments based on unbiased benchmarks or guidelines rather than personal feelings or opinions.

Act Utilitarianism

A form of utilitarianism that evaluates the morality of actions based on the amount of happiness they produce in the outcome.