________ Are Installed on a User's Computer Without the User's

question 15

Multiple Choice

________ are installed on a user's computer without the user's knowledge or permission. They reside in the background and, unknown to the user, observe the user's actions and keystrokes and report the user's activities to sponsoring organizations.

• A) Spyware programs
• B) Firewalls
• C) Worms
• D) Trojan horses

Identify the effects of classical conditioning in real-world settings, including phobias and preferences.

Recognize the implications of classical conditioning on behavior modification and therapy.

Understand the historical factors that contributed to the spread of mass schooling.

Recognize the implications of virtual education on accessibility and societal dynamics.

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Definitions:

Hamilton's Rule

A principle stating that an act of altruism is favored by natural selection if the genetic gain of the recipient, discounted by the relatedness between the altruist and the recipient, exceeds the cost to the altruist.

Adaptive

Traits or behaviors that enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.

Multilevel Selection

A concept in evolutionary biology that argues selection operates not just on individuals, but also on groups, genes, or traits at different biological hierarchy levels.

Eusociality

The highest level of social organization in animals, characterized by cooperative brood care, generational overlap, and a division of labor between reproductive and non-reproductive individuals.