Jason E Klein and Alan R

question 31

Multiple Choice

Jason E. Klein and Alan R. Fleischman | The Private Practicing Physician-Investigator: Ethical Implications of Clinical Research in the Office Setting
Klein and Fleischman discuss the conflicts of interest in contemporary medical research due to the shift in recent decades from clinical trials based in academic centers to pharmaceutical company-based recruitment of "patient-subjects" directly through private practicing "physician-investigators." They conclude with a number of recommendations to reduce or eliminate these conflicts.
-Potential conflicts arise when clinical research coincides with patient care, because

• A) the physician is obliged to serve the interests of the patient.
• B) the physician is obliged to contribute to the advancement of knowledge.
• C) a pharmaceutical company may be paying the physician directly.
• D) all of the above

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Definitions:

Dependent Variables

Variables in a study that are expected to change or vary as a result of manipulations or treatments applied to independent variables.

Factorial Designs

Experimental designs that allow investigation of the effects of multiple factors (independent variables) and their interactions on one or more outcomes (dependent variables).

Real-world Conditions

Circumstances or situations that occur in everyday life outside of controlled or laboratory settings.

Independent Variables

Variables that are manipulated or changed in an experiment to observe their effects on dependent variables.