The Relative Contributions of Biological and Environmental Factors on Sexual

question 155

Multiple Choice

The relative contributions of biological and environmental factors on sexual development have been explored in various ways, including studies of the offspring of pregnant mothers exposed to stress or hormone-related drugs, and studies of the effects of same-sex or mixed-sex housing on the development of sexual behavior in non-human primates. Which of the following statements best reflects the conclusions derived from these studies?

• A) Genes are responsible for guiding development before birth, but environmental and social factors take over after birth.
• B) Environmental and social factors are important in shaping sexual development and biological factors are largely irrelevant.
• C) Biological factors are important in shaping sexual development and environmental factors are largely irrelevant.
• D) Environmental and biological factors interact during and after fetal life to affect sexual development and behavior.
• E) Taking prescriptions drugs during pregnancy always has adverse effects on fetal development.

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Definitions:

Primary Focus

The main point of attention, interest, or activity on which efforts are concentrated in a particular context or endeavor.

Health

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Autonomy

The capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision; frequently discussed in ethics and philosophy as a fundamental human right.

Absolute Right

A right that is not subject to any limitations or conditions and must be respected under all circumstances.