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When Liberals and Conservatives alternate in government at the federal level, what typically changes?
Secondary Reinforcer
A learned stimulus that acquires its reinforcing qualities through association with primary reinforcers.
Primary Reinforcer
A stimulus that is naturally satisfying or rewarding, like food or water, which does not require learning to be effective.
Fixed-ratio
A schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses, commonly used in behavior analysis.
Variable-ratio
A reinforcement schedule in which a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses, leading to high and steady response rates.
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