Why Is Blood Meal Sharing in Vampire Bats Considered to Have

question 14

Multiple Choice

Why is blood meal sharing in vampire bats considered to have evolved via reciprocal altruism?

• A) Blood meal sharing often occurs only in captivity.
• B) Individuals share food with individuals from whom they have received food.
• C) There is no cost of blood meal sharing for the donor.
• D) Males and females cooperate to obtain blood meals.
• E) Blood meal sharing in nature only involves relatives.

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Definitions:

Basilar Membrane

A structure in the inner ear that plays a key role in the sense of hearing by vibrating in response to sound, which ultimately converts acoustic signals into electrical impulses for the brain to interpret.

Middle Ear

the part of the ear located between the eardrum and the inner ear that contains three small bones transmitting sound vibrations to the inner ear.

Auditory Canal

A tube-like structure that leads from the outer ear to the eardrum, conducting sound waves to the eardrum.

Semicircular Canal

Structures in the inner ear involved in maintaining balance and sensing motion.