Which of the Following Is NOT a Condition That Favors

question 11

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a condition that favors the evolution of signals that are accurate indicators of conditions?

• A) Signal production is costly.
• B) The fitness interests of signaler and receiver are the same.
• C) Signal production is frequency-dependent.
• D) The signal cannot be faked.
• E) The signal is a function of body size, and large size is associated with quality.

---

Definitions:

Discrimination

In psychology, the ability to perceive and respond differently to various stimuli.

Classical Conditioning

A process of learning in which, with the consistent coupling of two stimuli, a response that originally required the second stimulus for elicitation is later elicited by the first stimulus solely.

Neutral Stimulus

A stimulus that initially produces no specific response other than focusing attention, until paired with an unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning.

Vicarious Punishment

A form of learning where an individual's tendency to perform a behavior is decreased after observing another individual being punished for that behavior.