Rutter (1981) Conducted a Study on Children from an Orphanage

question 20

Multiple Choice

Rutter (1981) conducted a study on children from an orphanage: When infants received adequate care in adoptive homes, they became more affectionate, more cheerful. This is an example of

• A) plasticity-infants can adapt and even change in response to improved environments or experiences.
• B) stability-infants maintain consistent levels of temperament.
• C) instability-difficult environments early on lead to instability during adult life.
• D) continuity of behavior across changing environments.
• E) stable adaptiveness-changing environments is normal and can be positive or negative.

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Definitions:

Fishbone Diagram

A visual tool for root cause analysis, illustrating the main causes and sub-causes leading to an effect, often used in problem-solving and quality control.

Taguchi Loss Function

The Taguchi Loss Function is a statistical method used to measure the cost of deviation from a target value, emphasizing the reduction of variation in a process rather than just meeting specifications.

Warranty Costs

Expenses associated with replacing, repairing, or refunding products that fail to meet performance expectations within a specified period.

Employee Empowerment

The practice of giving employees a degree of autonomy and responsibility for decision-making regarding their specific organizational tasks.