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What Are Spectator Ions

question 97

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What are spectator ions?


Definitions:

Causality

The relationship between cause and effect where one event (the cause) leads to the outcome (the effect), fundamental to scientific and philosophical inquiry.

Longitudinal Research

A research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables, such as people or situations, over a period of time, ranging from several years to decades.

Observing

The act of carefully watching someone or something, often to gain information.

Third Variable

A factor that is not directly involved in an experimental setting but that may affect the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

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