The graph below shows an expectations-augmented Phillips curve. If inflation is higher than expected, then unemployment is below the natural rate. If inflation is lower than expected, then unemployment is higher than the natural rate. For example, if inflation is expected to be 5% but actual inflation is 2%, then: 
Definitions:
Lot Size
The number of units of a product that are manufactured or delivered in one batch, affecting inventory and production strategies.
Economic Production Lot Size
The optimal quantity of goods to produce in a single batch that minimizes the total production and holding costs.
Holding Cost
The expense of storing unsold goods, including warehousing, insurance, and depreciation costs.
Order Cost
Expenses related to making and processing an order for goods or services, encompassing production, procurement, and administrative costs.
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