Which of the Following Was Not One of the Weaknesses

question 48

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was not one of the weaknesses of correctional programs as identified by Martinson (1974) ?

• A) relying on nondirective methods
• B) inadequately skilled staff
• C) seeking to change behaviors unrelated to crime
• D) inmate disinterest in correctional programming

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Definitions:

Confirmation Bias

Confirmation bias describes the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses, while giving disproportionately less consideration to alternative possibilities.

Availability Heuristic

This is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision.

Representativeness Bias

A cognitive bias where individuals judge the probability of an event by how much it resembles their existing stereotypes or expectations, rather than based on actual statistical evidence.

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

A belief or expectation that an individual holds that comes true because he or she acts in ways that support or lead to its fulfilment.