Which of the Following Has NOT Been Observed as a Trait

question 12

Multiple Choice

Which of the following has NOT been observed as a trait of sperm competition?

• A) applying pheromones that reduce the female's attractiveness
• B) the production of large ejaculates containing many sperm
• C) depositing a copulatory plug
• D) prolonged copulation during mating
• E) All of the above have been observed as traits of sperm competition.

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Definitions:

Research Hypotheses

Proposed explanations made on the basis of limited evidence as starting points for further investigation into the relationships between variables.

Independent Variable

The independent variable is a variable in an experiment or model that is manipulated or changed to observe its effects on a dependent variable.

Distribution

Refers to how values in a data set are spread or dispersed, indicating the frequency of each value or range of values.

Pie Chart

Figure that uses a circle divided into proportions to represent the percentage of the sample corresponding to each value of a variable.