Consider a Study in Which People Were Recruited and Followed

question 34

Multiple Choice

Consider a study in which people were recruited and followed for 40 years to determine their health problems. The researchers were interested in lung cancer so at the end of the study they counted the number of participants who had died from lung cancer, or currently had it, and those that did not. They also counted how many were non-smokers their whole life or had been smokers at some point in their lives. The number of non-smokers with lung cancer was 36 and the number of non-smokers with no sign of lung cancer was 815. The number of smokers with lung cancer was 26 and the number of smokers with no sign of lung cancer was 161.
To determine whether there appears to be a significant relationship between smoking and risk of lung cancer we would conduct a χ² analysis. When performing this analysis, which of the values below is closest to the contribution to the χ² statistic from the "never smoked : had lung cancer"?

• A) 0.97
• B) 2.54
• C) 4.33
• D) 11.17

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