A Microbial Ecologist Is Interested in Whether the Microbial Community

question 40

Multiple Choice

A microbial ecologist is interested in whether the microbial community of a pond changes when it rains. She knows that rainfall will increase the number of bacteria, but she is interested in the pattern of diversity. She collects a water sample from a pond two days before a rainfall and two days after and plates her samples on agar (a method to measure bacteria) and counts the number of colonies she observes for each of three bacteria: E. Coli, Salmonella, and Giardia. In the pre-rain sample she observes 21, 57, and 32 colonies respectively. In the post-rain sample she observes 59, 83, and 88 colonies respectively.
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-To determine whether there appears to be a statistically significant relationship between rainfall and bacterial diversity she would conduct a χ² analysis. After performing this analysis, which of the ranges below best describes the P value she would obtain?

• A) P > 0.05
• B) 0.05 > P > 0.025
• C) 0.025 > P > 0.01
• D) P < 0.01

Comprehend the implications of corporate personhood and the rights of corporations under the law.

Identify the critical legal documents in corporation formation and operation, such as articles of incorporation, bylaws, and operating agreements.

Analyze the consequences of failing to adhere to legal formalities in the incorporation process, including the concepts of de facto and de jure corporations.

Understand the concept of corporate veil and circumstances under which it can be pierced to hold shareholders personally liable.

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Definitions:

Milgram Study

A series of social psychology experiments conducted by Stanley Milgram, demonstrating the willingness of participants to obey authority figures.

Obedience

A form of social influence where an individual follows a directive from an authority figure or the norms of the society.

Authority

The power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience.

Loss of Confidentiality

The unauthorized disclosure of private information, which can compromise privacy and data security.