When Two Heterozygotes Are Mated, the Ratios of the Offspring

question 37

Multiple Choice

When two heterozygotes are mated, the ratios of the offspring produced should be in a 1:2:1 ratio if normal Mendelian segregation is occurring. If one of the alleles is dominant, then the phenotypes observed should be present in a 3:1 ratio with the dominant phenotype more common than the recessive one. We can use an ?² goodness-of-fit test to test whether the ratio of offspring is indeed 3:1. Imagine a cross is performed and the number of offspring observed are 65 with the dominant phenotype and 35 with the recessive phenotype. Using the table of critical values shown, what is the conclusion of our test?
?
$\begin{array}{c}\chi^{2} \text { critical values }\\\text { for } d f=2\\\begin{array}{ll}\text { Sig. level } & \text { Value } \\\hline 0.05 & 3.84 \\0.025 & 5.02 \\0.01 & 6.63\end{array}\end{array}$

• A) We fail to reject the null hypothesis and therefore conclude that something other than usual Mendelian segregation is occurring.
• B) We fail to reject the null hypothesis and therefore conclude that usual Mendelian segregation is occurring.
• C) We reject the null hypothesis and therefore conclude that something other than usual Mendelian segregation is occurring.
• D) We reject the null hypothesis and therefore conclude that usual Mendelian segregation is occurring.

Comprehend the impact of amino acid substitutions on protein structure and function.

Differentiate between types of isomers and their biological relevance.

Explain the importance and function of proteins, including antibodies, in the human body.

Describe the process and significance of condensation reactions in biology.

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Definitions:

Action/Willpower Stage

A phase in the process of changing behavior where the individual applies effort and determination to enact a desired change, often seen in the context of breaking habits or achieving goals.

Maintenance Stage

In behavior change models, it refers to the phase where new behavior is sustained over time and relapse is minimized.

Theory of Reasoned Action

A psychological model that predicts behavioral intention across a wide range of behaviors and contexts, focusing on individual attitudes and social norms.

Theory of Planned Behavior

A social psychology theory that predicts an individual's intention to engage in a behavior at a specific time and place, considering attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control over the behavior.