Consider Two Different Kinds of Publication Bias: One Arising from the Behaviors

question 13

Essay

Consider two different kinds of publication bias: one arising from the behaviors of journal reviewers and the other arising from the economic interests of companies that fund the research. Both are sources of publication bias, but the reasons differ. Describe how the biases are caused and contrast the morality of the scientists submitting the papers in these two situations.

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Definitions:

Public Investors

Individuals or entities that invest their money in publicly traded securities, such as stocks and bonds, available on the open market.

Stock

Shares representing ownership in a company, which can be bought and sold in financial markets.

Professional Angels

Informal investors, often experienced entrepreneurs or executives, who provide capital for start-up businesses in exchange for ownership equity or convertible debt.

Doctors

Medical professionals who diagnose and treat illnesses, perform medical procedures, and advise patients on maintaining good health.