How Did Russian Citizens Experience the Initial Transition to a Market

question 50

Multiple Choice

How did Russian citizens experience the initial transition to a market economy in the 1990s?

• A) The reforms initiated by Gorbachev in the 1980s had already put in place basic free-market structures, which made the transition to a market economy generally smooth.
• B) Although there were initial difficulties, by the early 1990s the economy had stabilized and Russians had access to consumer goods and sufficient food supply to live well.
• C) Wealthy and middle-class Russians had few problems as their jobs were secure, but the working class experienced difficulties as their jobs became obsolete in the free market.
• D) Nearly all Russians experienced deprivation and misery as inflation soared, the food supply disintegrated, and nearly all salaries went unpaid.

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Definitions:

Imprinting

A form of rapid learning occurring at a particular life stage that establishes a long-lasting behavioral response to a specific individual or object.

Creolization

The process of blending cultural traits, typically in the context of language formation among people who come into contact.

Physical Development

The progression of bodily growth and motor skills in humans and animals, which can include changes in size, shape, and capability.

Twins

Two offspring produced by the same pregnancy, which can be either identical (monozygotic) or fraternal (dizygotic).